Chest x‐ray images: transfer learning model in COVID‐19 detection

Abstract Rationale, Aims and Objectives This research aims to develop an effective algorithm for diagnosing COVID‐19 in chest X‐rays using the transfer learning method and support vector machines. Method In total, data was collected from 10 clinics, including both large city hospitals and smaller medical institutions. This ensured a diverse range of geographical and demographic information in the sample. An extensive data set was collected, including 10,000 chest X‐ray images. 5000 images represent normal cases, 3993 images represent pneumonia cases, and 1007 images represent COVID‐19 cases. Machine learning methods were applied to develop a classification model, and the results were compared with seven state‐of‐the‐art models and a lightweight CNN architecture. Results The results showed that the proposed method achieves high accuracy values (Accuracy): 0.95 for COVID‐19, 0.89 for pneumonia, and 0.92 for normal images ( p < 0.05). Comparison with other models demonstrates statistically significant superiority of our method in accuracy across all three classes. The EfficientNet‐B0 model surpasses our method only in accuracy for normal images with p < 0.01, confirming the advantages of our method. Our method demonstrates high sensitivity values (Sensitivity): 0.96 for COVID‐19, 0.88 for pneumonia, and 0.93 for normal images ( p < 0.05), outperforming most of the compared models. Correlation analysis showed Pearson coefficients of 0.92, 0.89, and 0.94 for COVID‐19, pneumonia, and normal images, respectively, confirming a high degree of consistency between predicted and true class labels. In addition, the model was validated on external datasets to assess its generalizability. This validation confirmed its high level of effectiveness in a variety of clinical settings. Conclusion This study confirms the importance of applying machine learning methods in medical applications and opens new perspectives for early diagnosis of infectious diseases. The practical application of the obtained results can enhance the efficiency of diagnosis and control the spread of COVID‐19, as well as contribute to the development of innovative methods in medical practice.