材料科学
自愈水凝胶
阳离子聚合
软物质
粘附
胶粘剂
电场
纳米技术
单体
离子键合
聚电解质
胶囊
化学工程
高分子化学
化学物理
复合材料
聚合物
图层(电子)
化学
有机化学
离子
物理
植物
胶体
量子力学
工程类
生物
作者
Leah K. Borden,Ankit Gargava,Uma J. Kokilepersaud,Srinivasa R. Raghavan
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsami.2c20793
摘要
We demonstrate the use of electroadhesion (EA), i.e., adhesion induced by an electric field, to connect a variety of soft materials into 3D structures. EA requires a cationic and an anionic material, but these can be of diverse origin, including covalently cross-linked hydrogels made by polymerizing charged monomers or physical gels/capsules formed by the ionic cross-linking of biopolymers (e.g., alginate and chitosan). Between each cationic/anionic pair, EA is induced rapidly (in ∼10 s) by low voltages (∼10 V DC)─and the adhesion is permanent after the field is turned off. The adhesion is strong enough to allow millimeter-scale capsules/gels to be assembled in 3D into robust structures such as capsule-capsule chains, capsule arrays on a base gel, and a 3D cube of capsules. EA-based assembly of spherical building blocks can be done more precisely, rapidly, and easily than by any alternative techniques. Moreover, the adhesion can be reversed (by switching the polarity of the field)─hence any errors during assembly can be undone and fixed. EA can also be used for selective sorting of charged soft matter─for example, a 'finger robot' can selectively 'pick up' capsules of the opposite charge by EA and subsequently 'drop off' these structures by reversing the polarity. Overall, our work shows how electric fields can be used to connect soft matter without the need for an adhesive or glue.
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