Immediate Implant Placement in Intact Fresh Extraction Sockets Using Vestibular Socket Therapy Versus Partial Extraction Therapy in the Esthetic Zone: A Randomized Clinical Trial

This randomized clinical trial aimed to assess esthetic and soft and hard tissue outcomes 6 months after immediate implant placement using vestibular socket therapy (VST) (test) versus partial extraction therapy (comparator) in intact thin-walled fresh extraction sockets in the esthetic zone.Twenty-four patients with hopeless maxillary anterior teeth requiring immediate implant placement were randomly assigned to two equal groups to receive either VST or partial extraction therapy. Definitive restorations were delivered after 3 months. Pink esthetic scores (PESs) and vertical soft tissue alterations in millimeters were measured 6 months after restoration using intraoral digital scans of the distal papilla, midfacial gingival margin, and mesial papilla. Facial bone thickness was measured using CBCT scans at baseline and after 6 months. Implant survival and peri-implant pocket depth were assessed.Both groups showed 100% implant survival after 6 months. The overall PESs after 6 months were 12.67 (± 1.3) in the VST group, while the partial extraction therapy group score was 13.17 (± 1.19), with no significant difference between them (P = .02). The mean (± SD) vertical soft tissue measurements for the VST group were 0.08 (± 0.55), 0.01 (± 0.73), and -0.03 (± 0.52) mm, and for the partial extraction therapy group, they were -0.24 (± 0.25) mm, -0.20 (± 0.10) mm, and -0.34 (± 0.13) mm for the mesial papilla, midfacial gingival margin, and distal papilla, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the groups at any of the reference points (P ± .05). Both techniques demonstrated a significant gain in millimeters of labial bone thickness after 6 months compared to baseline (P ± .05). Regarding VST, the apical, middle, and crestal mean bone gain was 1.68 (±± 2.73), 1.62 (±± 1.35), and 1.33 (±± 1.22) mm, respectively, while partial extraction therapy showed 0.58 (± 0.62), 1.27 (± 1.22), and 1.53 (± 1.24) mm, respectively, with no significant difference detected between them (P ≥ .05). Additionally, the mean (± SD) peri-implant pocket depth after 6 months for VST was 2.16 (± 0.44) and 2.08 (± 1.02) mm for partial extraction therapy with no significant difference between them (P = .79).This investigation suggests that both VST and partial extraction therapy preserved alveolar bone structure and peri-implant tissues following immediate implants. The novel VST might be considered a predictable alternative treatment approach for immediate implant placement in intact thin-walled fresh extraction sockets in the esthetic zone. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2023;38:468-478. doi: 10.11607/jomi.9973.