Activity of chitin/chitosan/chitosan oligosaccharide against plant pathogenic nematodes and potential modes of application in agriculture: A review

Chemical nematicide is the most common method of controlling plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN). Given the negative impact of chemical nematicides on the environment and ecosystem, it is necessary to seek their alternatives and novel modes of application. Chitin oligo/polysaccharide (COPS), including chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide, has unique biological properties. By producing ammonia, encouraging the growth of antagonistic bacteria, and enhancing crop tolerance, COPSs help suppress PPN growth during soil remediation. COPS is also an effective sustained-release carrier that can be used to overcome the shortcomings of nematicidal substances. This review summarizes the advancements of COPS research in nematode control from three perspectives of action mechanism as well as in slow-release carrier-loaded nematicides. Further, it discusses potential agricultural applications for nematode disease management.