Multimodality Imaging for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by noncaseating granulomas. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is based on three criteria: clinical history, consistent imaging findings, and histopathology. Radiologists play an important role for the diagnosis and follow-up evaluation of patients with sarcoidosis, which often require a multimodal approach. This imaging essay will explore the typical and atypical imaging manifestations of sarcoidosis at chest radiography, CT, PET/CT, and MRI, provide imaging examples, and discuss relevant differential diagnoses for clinical practice. Keywords: Thorax, MR-Imaging, Staging, PET/CT, CT, Conventional Radiography, Sarcoidosis, Thoracic Imaging, Scintigraphy Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2025.