Integrating chemical similarity and bioequivalence: an overall evaluation of the quality consistency of traditional decoction and dispensing granule decoction of Amomum villosum

The chemical composition of DGD and TD differed. The biological activity of DGD-A/B was consistent with that of TD, while the difference between DGD-C and TD was significant. A comprehensive evaluation showed that TD exhibited better quality than DGD. DGD manufacturers should optimize the preparation process to enhance product quality.