MSI2 Modulates Unsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism by Binding FASN in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

The regulation of fatty acid metabolism is crucial for milk flavor and quality. Therefore, it is important to explore the genes that play a role in fatty acid metabolism and their mechanisms of action. The RNA-binding protein Musashi2 (MSI2) is involved in the regulation of numerous biological processes and plays a regulatory role in post-transcriptional translation. However, its role in the mammary glands of dairy cows has not been reported. The present study examined MSI2 expression in mammary glands from lactating and dry milk cows. Experimental results in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) showed that MSI2 was negatively correlated with the ability to synthesize milk fat and that MSI2 decreased the content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in BMECs. Silencing of Msi2 increased triglyceride accumulation in BMECs and increased the proportion of UFAs. MSI2 affects TAG synthesis and milk fat synthesis by regulating fatty acid synthase (FASN). In addition, RNA immunoprecipitation experiments in BMECs demonstrated for the first time that MSI2 can bind to the 3'-UTR of FASN mRNA to exert a regulatory effect. In conclusion, MSI2 affects milk fat synthesis and fatty acid metabolism by regulating the triglyceride synthesis and UFA content through binding FASN.