In order to study the life range and failure process of full ceramic bearings in a non-lubricated state, a set of full ceramic bearings life measurement system was designed in this paper. The main content of the experiment is as follow. First axial and radial vibration acceleration signals of full ceramic bearings are collected. Then root mean square analysis and envelope analysis are conducted on the test data. Finally, an optical microscope is utilized to observe the surface of bearing components, and analyze failure modes. Because the analysis results of measurement data are consistent with the actual observation results, it is proven that the measurement system can accurately measure the failure process of bearings.