Risk factors associated with mortality among patients on maintenance hemodialysis: The Thailand Renal Replacement Therapy registry

Abstract Introduction End‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) has been increasing in prevalence across the world, including Thailand, and patients with ESKD on hemodialysis have a high mortality risk. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed across 855 hemodialysis centers in the Thailand Renal Replacement Therapy registry. The database and mortality data were analyzed. Results A total of 58 952 patients were included. The survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 93.5%, 69.7%, and 41.2%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, factors such as aging, permanent catheter or arteriovenous graft, twice‐weekly hemodialysis, low levels of urea reduction ratio, normalized protein catabolic rate, hemoglobin, transferrin saturation, serum albumin, LDL‐cholesterol, intact‐parathyroid hormone, uric acid, sodium, phosphate, and bicarbonate were significantly related to death. Conclusion Mortality is high in ESKD patients on hemodialysis. Age, type of vascular access, twice‐weekly hemodialysis, inadequate dialysis, low protein intake, anemia, abnormal electrolytes, and bone mineral disorders are associated with all‐cause mortality.