Multi‐Instance Learning for Vocal Fold Leukoplakia Diagnosis Using White Light and Narrow‐Band Imaging: A Multicenter Study

Vocal fold leukoplakia (VFL) is a precancerous lesion of laryngeal cancer, and its endoscopic diagnosis poses challenges. We aim to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model using white light imaging (WLI) and narrow-band imaging (NBI) to distinguish benign from malignant VFL.