Naturally derived bioactive compounds as precision modulators of immune and inflammatory mechanisms in psoriatic conditions

Abstract Psoriasis represents a chronic autoimmune skin condition defined by various clinical forms, including inverse, erythrodermic, pustular, guttate, plaque types. While current therapies, including topical treatments but also systemic through conventional synthetic drugs and biologics, have improved symptom management, no treatment completely cures the disease, and numerous options are linked to considerable adverse effects, including immunosuppression and carcinogenic risks. Therefore, there is growing interest in bioactive compounds from natural sources due to their potential to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in psoriasis with fewer adverse effects. The present narrative review aimed to address the limitations of current psoriasis therapies by exploring the therapeutic potential of bioactive compounds in the classes of flavonoids, terpenoids, omega-3 fatty acids, and alkaloids assessed through complex experimental models, focusing on their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies highlight the efficacy of natural bioactive compounds in reducing psoriasis symptoms, either as standalone treatments or in combination with conventional therapies. While these compounds show promise in alleviating psoriasis-related inflammation, further research is needed to optimize their therapeutic use, understand their mechanisms of action, and assess long-term safety. Future studies should focus on clinical trials to establish standardized protocols for incorporating bioactive compounds into psoriasis management and explore their potential role in personalized treatment strategies. Continued research is essential to develop more effective, safer, and affordable therapeutic options for psoriasis patients.