Association of dietary inflammatory index score with anthropometric measures and obesity indices in Indonesian adults with cardiovascular diseases

Dietary is one of the modifiable lifestyle factors that may affect inflammation status which contributes to obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) score and anthropometric measures in adults with CVD. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 105 CVD patients living in Malang, Indonesia. Usual dietary intake was measured using a validated 168-item SQ-FFQ and transformed into a DII score. Body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and body fat percentage (% BF) were measured. Obesity indices including body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to evaluate the difference in anthropometric data across DII score tertiles stratified by sex. The mean age of study participants was 64.14±7.99 years old and 63.8% of them were men. Energy and macronutrient intakes were not different between men and women; nevertheless, all intakes were higher in the lowest tertile of DII, except for polyunsaturated fat, vitamin B, vitamin E and zinc. There is an increased trend of all anthropometric measures across tertiles, but no significant difference was found. After adjusting for confounding risk factors, women participants who had higher DII scores had higher weight (p = 0.049), WC (p = 0.024), and HC (p = 0.013). In conclusion, a proinflammatory diet showed by higher DII score and was associated with higher weight, WC, and HC in women with CVD.