Effect of insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and beta cell function on the remission of type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis of the IDEATE trial

To compare the probability of achieving diabetes remission in individuals with different phenotypes of insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and beta cell function and further detect the effects of diet, exercise, and lifestyle education intervention on these indexes. Three-hundred and one participants who had glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) data at baseline and after intervention were included for this post hoc analysis. We used the multi-way analysis of variance to assess the differences between the diabetes remission and non-remission groups or between intervention groups in changes of the indexes of insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and beta cell function. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between the diabetes remission and baseline and change of each insulin index. Participants with a higher disposition index (DI) or higher adaptation index at baseline were more likely to achieve diabetes remission. The diabetes remission group had a significantly greater increase in AUCc-pep0-30/AUCgluc0-30, DI, and adaptation index compared with the non-remission group, while there were no between-group differences in indexes of insulin sensitivity. Participants with greater increases in insulin secretion and beta cell function were more likely to achieve diabetes remission. Indexes of beta cell function improved in all intervention groups, while the diet intervention induced significant improvement compared with lifestyle education. These findings supported the importance of aggressively implementing intensive lifestyle interventions for individuals with type 2 diabetes at an early stage of the disease, when beta cell function was not yet significantly impaired, to promote achieving diabetes remission.