Efficiency and Safety of Erector Spinae Plane Block in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Meta-Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials

To pool the data of published studies using the meta-analysis method to provide high-level evidence for the use of ESPB in pain control after PCNL.Two main stream databases, Pubmed and Embase, were used to identify potentially included studies. Primary outcomes included pain visual analogue scale (VAS) at different time points, intraoperative fentanyl use, time to first rescue analgesia and total tramadol or paracetamol consumption. Secondary outcome was defined as side effects of nausea and vomiting.Fourteen studies were identified after database searching and 6 studies were included in the quantitative analysis. Overall, ESPB could significantly reduce the postoperative short-time (1-2 hours) and long-time (24 hours) VAS values (MD: -1.35, 95%CI: -1.71, -1.00 for short-time and MD: -0.39, 95%CI: -0.61, -0.17 for long-time) without significant heterogeneity. When it came to other primary outcomes, ESPB still showed its advantages in less intraoperative fentanyl use and total tramadol/paracetamol consumption, and longer time to first rescue analgesia. Complications were similar between groups (OR:0.90, 95%CI:0.38-2.14).ESPB was an efficient and safe procedure for postoperative pain management in PCNL. More RCTs with larger sample size are still needed.