[Chinese expert consensus of antibody-drug conjugate toxicity management for breast cancer].

As a newly emerged class of anticancer bioagents in the most precise and selectively targeted way, antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) combines the cancer-targeting abilities of monoclonal antibodies with the cytotoxicity potency of payload, delivering highly cytotoxic drug into tumors via 'targeted chemotherapy'. ADC has revolutionized the treatment landscape of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive and triple negative subtypes in breast cancer. Three ADCs have been approved by U. S. Food and Drug Administration with breast cancer indications, including trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1; also approved in China), trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd, DS-8201) and sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132; also approved in China). Antibodies, cytotoxic drug, linker, and conjugation process are implicated in ADC profile, resulting in unique adverse drug reactions and toxicity heterogeneity within ADC class. For example, more attention should be paid to the management of thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, and reductions in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients treated with trastuzumab emtansine; clinical physicians should pay attention to the risk of neutropenia, interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis, and reductions in LVEF when treated with trastuzumab deruxtecan; sacituzumab govitecan most frequently caused neutropenia, anemia and diarrhea requiring close monitor. ADC has generally favorable safety profiles, and dose modifications and/or symptomatic supporting treatment are effective in terms of toxicity management. This consensus aims at providing guidance for clinical oncologists of early detection, regular assessment, timely management and follow-up monitor of ADC-associated adverse reactions/events.抗体药物偶联物(ADC)将单克隆抗体的选择性与有效载荷的细胞杀伤特性合二为一，通过靶向化疗的方式将细胞毒性药物释放至肿瘤，是一类相对新颖的具有高度靶向性的抗癌生物制剂。在乳腺癌领域中，ADC改变了人类表皮生长因子受体2阳性以及三阴性乳腺癌的治疗格局。目前获得美国食品药品监督管理局批准的3种ADC有乳腺癌适应证，分别为恩美曲妥珠单抗、Trastuzumab deruxtecan和戈沙妥珠单抗，其中恩美曲妥珠单抗和戈沙妥珠单抗也在中国获得批准上市。鉴于ADC涉及抗体、细胞毒性制剂、连接子以及偶联过程，因此导致了ADC不良反应的独特性及其类别内安全谱的异质性。接受恩美曲妥珠单抗治疗的患者需特别关注血小板减少、肝不良反应以及左心室射血分数(LVEF)降低；Trastuzumab deruxtecan治疗期间应关注中性粒细胞减少、间质性肺疾病或非感染性肺炎以及LVEF降低的风险；戈沙妥珠单抗治疗常导致中性粒细胞减少、贫血，同时需密切监测腹泻。ADC总体上安全性良好，剂量调整和(或)对症支持治疗为有效的管理方式。中国医师协会肿瘤医师分会乳腺癌学组和中国抗癌协会国际医疗交流分会组织专家共同制定了中国乳腺癌抗体药物偶联物安全性管理专家共识，旨在为临床肿瘤医师提供ADC相关不良反应或不良事件的早期识别、定期评估、及时管理以及随访监测的实践指导。.