不对称
物理
理论物理学
量子力学
互补性(分子生物学)
玻尔模型
量子
经典力学
遗传学
生物
出处
期刊:Physical review
日期:2018-07-11
卷期号:98 (1)
被引量:81
标识
DOI:10.1103/physreva.98.012113
摘要
While Bohr's complementarity principle constitutes a bedrock of quantum mechanics with profound implications, coherence, as a defining feature of the quantum realm originating from the superposition principle, pervades almost every quantum consideration. By exploiting the algebraic and geometric structure of state-channel interaction, we show that an information-theoretic measure of coherence and a quantitative symmetry-asymmetry complementarity emerge naturally from the formalism of quantum mechanics. This is achieved by decomposing the state-channel interaction into a symmetric part and an asymmetric part, which satisfy a conservation relation. The symmetric part is represented by the symmetric Jordan product, and the asymmetric part is synthesized by the skew-symmetric Lie product. The latter further leads to a significant extension of the celebrated Wigner--Yanase skew information, and has an operational interpretation as quantum coherence of a state with respect to a channel. This not only presents a basic and alternative framework for addressing complementarity, but also puts the study of coherence in a broad context involving channels. Fundamental properties of the symmetry-asymmetry complementarity are revealed, and applications and implications are illustrated via several prototypical channels as well as the Mach--Zehnder interferometry, in which the fringe visibility is linked to symmetry and the which-path is linked to asymmetry.
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