化学
卡宾
主组元素
加合物
位阻效应
路易斯酸
过渡金属
单独一对
部分
沮丧的刘易斯对
亲核细胞
配体(生物化学)
碳基
组合化学
催化作用
立体化学
群(周期表)
有机化学
分子
受体
生物化学
作者
Adinarayana Doddi,Marius Peters,Matthias Tamm
出处
期刊:Chemical Reviews
[American Chemical Society]
日期:2019-04-15
卷期号:119 (12): 6994-7112
被引量:373
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00791
摘要
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are nowadays ubiquitous and indispensable in many research fields, and it is not possible to imagine modern transition metal and main group element chemistry without the plethora of available NHCs with tailor-made electronic and steric properties. While their suitability to act as strong ligands toward transition metals has led to numerous applications of NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, their strong σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting abilities have also contributed to an impressive vitalization of main group chemistry with the isolation and characterization of NHC adducts of almost any element. Formally, NHC coordination to Lewis acids affords a transfer of nucleophilicity from the carbene carbon atom to the attached exocyclic moiety, and low-valent and low-coordinate adducts of the p-block elements with available lone pairs and/or polarized carbon-element π-bonds are able to act themselves as Lewis basic donor ligands toward transition metals. Accordingly, the availability of a large number of novel NHC adducts has not only produced new varieties of already existing ligand classes but has also allowed establishment of numerous complexes with unusual and often unprecedented element–metal bonds. This review aims at summarizing this development comprehensively and covers the usage of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of the p-block elements as ligands in transition metal chemistry.
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