纳米线
成核
透射电子显微镜
材料科学
结晶
金属
过饱和度
化学物理
分析化学(期刊)
纳米技术
化学工程
化学
冶金
有机化学
工程类
作者
Quintin Cheek,Eli Fahrenkrug,Sofiya Hlynchuk,Daan Hein Alsem,Norman Salmon,Stephen Maldonado
出处
期刊:ACS Nano
[American Chemical Society]
日期:2020-02-21
卷期号:14 (3): 2869-2879
被引量:25
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsnano.9b06468
摘要
The growth of Ge nanowires in water inside a liquid transmission electron microscope (TEM) holder has been demonstrated at room temperature. Each nanowire growth event was stimulated by the incident electron beam on otherwise unsupported liquid Ga or liquid In nanodroplets. A variety of conditions were explored, including liquid metal nanodroplet surface condition, liquid metal nanodroplet size and density, formal concentration of dissolved GeO2, and electron beam intensity. The cumulative observations from a series of videos recorded during growth events suggested the following points. First, the conditions necessary for initiating nanowire growth at uncontacted liquid metal nanodroplets in a liquid TEM cell indicate the process was governed by solvated electrons generated from secondary electrons scattered by the liquid metal nanodroplets. The attained current densities were comparable to those achieved in conventional electrochemical liquid-liquid-solid (ec-LLS) growths outside of a TEM. Second, the surface condition of the liquid metal nanodroplets was quite influential on whether nanowire growth occurred and surface diffusion of Ge adatoms contributed to the rate of crystallization. Third, the Ge nanowire growth rates were limited by the feed rate of Ge to the crystal growth front rather than the rate of crystallization at the liquid metal/solid Ge interface. Estimates of an electrochemical current for the reduction of dissolved GeO2 were nominally in line with currents used for Ge nanowire growth by ec-LLS outside of the TEM. Fourth, the Ge nanowire growths in the liquid TEM cell occurred far from thermodynamic equilibrium, with supersaturation values of 104 prior to nucleation. These collective points provide insight on how to further control and improve Ge nanowire morphology and crystallographic quality by the ec-LLS method.
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