Void Space Control in Porous Carbon for High-Density Supercapacitive Charge Storage

超级电容器 材料科学 电容 电解质 储能 电极 多孔性 碳纤维 空隙(复合材料) 电化学 化学工程 纳米技术 空间电荷 复合材料 复合数 化学 功率(物理) 物理 物理化学 量子力学 工程类 电子
作者
Bincy Lathakumary Vijayan,Nurul Khairiyyah Mohd Zain,Izan Izwan Misnon,M. V. Reddy,Stefan Adams,Chun‐Chen Yang,Gopinathan M. Anilkumar,Rajan Jose
出处
期刊:Energy & Fuels [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:34 (4): 5072-5083 被引量:57
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00737
摘要

High-density charge (energy) storage under supercapacitive mode requires an electrode that would deliver larger space for charge accumulation and offer a larger electrochemical potential difference at an electrode–electrolyte interface. Porous carbon has been a preferred electrode for commercial supercapacitors; however, its charge storability is much lower than that of state-of-the-art charge-storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries. We show that one of the primary limiting factors is the voids in porous carbon, which do not contribute to the capacitance because their sizes are much larger than the size of the solvated/unsolvated ions in the electrolyte. We partially activate these voids by filling them with a flower-shaped 3D hierarchical pseudocapacitive material (MnCo2O4) by assuming that flower-shaped fillers would provide an additional easily accessible surface for charge adsorption. Less than 10 wt % MnCo2O4 in the porous carbon from palm kernel shells through simple wet impregnation results in a five-fold increase in the charge storability. Laboratory prototypes of symmetric supercapacitors are fabricated using the MnCo2O4-filled carbon electrodes, which show five times higher specific energy than pure carbon and are cycled over 5000 times with >95% capacitance retention. The present strategy of activating the voids by hierarchical 3D nanostructures could be applied to build high-performance energy-storage devices.
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