氧化应激
烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸
氮氧化物1
视网膜
视网膜
P22phox公司
氧化酶试验
超氧化物歧化酶
细胞生物学
超氧化物
SOD2
生物
过氧化氢酶
氧化磷酸化
作者
Ajmal Ahmad,Mohd Imtiaz Nawaz,Mohammad Mairaj Siddiquei,Ahmed M. Abu El‐Asrar
标识
DOI:10.1007/s11010-021-04071-y
摘要
NADPH oxidase (NOX) is a main producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may contribute to the early pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). ROS has harmful effects on endogenous neuro-survival factors brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) are necessary for the growth and survival of the retina. The role of NOX isoforms NOX4 in triggering ROS in DR is not clear. Here we determine the protective effects of a plant-derived NOX inhibitor apocynin (APO) on NOX4-induced ROS production which may contribute to the depletion of survival factors BDNF/SIRT1 or cell death in the diabetic retinas. Human retinal Muller glial cells (MGCs) were treated with hypoxia mimetic agent cobalt chloride (CoCl2) in the absence or presence of APO. Molecular analysis demonstrates that NOX4 is upregulated in CoCl2-treated MGCs and in the diabetic retinas. Increased NOX4 was accompanied by the downregulation of BDNF/SIRT1 expression or in the activation of apoptotic marker caspase-3. Whereas, APO treatment downregulates NOX4 and subsequently upregulates BDNF/SIRT1 or alleviate caspase-3 expression. Accordingly, in the diabetic retina we found a positive correlation in NOX4 vs ROS (p = 0.025; R2 = 0.488) and caspase-3 vs ROS (p = 0.04; R2 = 0.428); whereas a negative correlation in BDNF vs ROS (p = 0.009; R2 = 0.596) and SIRT1 vs ROS (p = 0.0003; R2 = 0.817) respectively. Taken together, NOX4-derived ROS could be a main contributor in downregulating BDNF/SIRT1 expression or in the activation of caspase-3. Whereas, APO treatment may minimize the deleterious effects occurring due to hyperglycemia and/or diabetic mimic hypoxic condition in early pathogenesis of DR.
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