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Evaluation on environmental consequences and sustainability of three rice-based rotation systems in Quanjiao, China by an integrated analysis of life cycle, emergy and economic assessment

能值 生命周期评估 持续性 旋转系统 环境科学 环境影响评价 环境可持续性指数 环境污染 农业工程 农业科学 环境工程 环境保护 工程类 经济 生产(经济) 物理 生态学 量子力学 生物 氮气 宏观经济学
作者
Youtao Chen,Chunhui Liu,Ji Chen,Naijuan Hu,Li Zhu
出处
期刊:Journal of Cleaner Production [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:310: 127493-127493 被引量:45
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127493
摘要

The rice-based cultivation system in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River of China is changing gradually during recent years which arouses more attentions and concerns on environmental performance and sustainability. In this study, the integrated analysis of life cycle assessment (LCA), emergy evaluation (EME) and economic analysis (ECA) were applied and Quanjiao county was selected as a case study to estimate the pollution emissions, emergy efficiency and economic benefits of three typical rice-based rotation systems depended on a detailed farming practice filed investigation of 157 valid samples under structured questionnaire. The three typical rice-based rotation systems are rice-wheat rotation (RW), rice-fallow rotation (RF) and rice-crayfish rotation (RC), respectively. The LCA results showed that the area-based potential environmental impact for RW, RF and RC are 34.08, 13.71 and 39.98, the profit-based potential environmental impacts are 2.62, 1.16 and 1.98. The EME results indicated that the RC shows the highest emergy input, around 1.23E+17 sej/ha/yr, more than that of RW and RF, around 3.88E+16 sej/ha/yr and 3.40E+16 sej/ha/yr, respectively. From the emergy indices of the three systems, the RC results in higher environmental pressure and lower sustainability compared with the RW and RF. Fertilizer, diesel oil, water, electricity and forage are the crucial factors of environmental consequences, herein forage, water and electricity inputs are becoming new factors that are increasingly prominent and often neglected. From an economic perspective, the cost and income of the RC are highest because of more input and higher sale value, the area-based profit of the RC (20142 ¥/ha) is higher than that of RF (11848 ¥/ha) and RW (13031 ¥/ha). Generally, during the rice planting system transferring, the development of farming technologies and standards should be promoted to avoid the disorder of agricultural production, and then gearing up to the better economic performance and environmental sustainability for the rice-based rotation systems. Moreover, proper agricultural development policies should be made and promoted to stimulate farmers’ willingness to adopt advanced farming practices and techniques to reduce environmental emissions and enhance agricultural system sustainability as well as increasing farmers' income.
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