In-situ oxidation/reduction facilitates one-pot conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to bulk chemicals in alkaline solution

Practical, high-yield conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to bulk chemicals is the goal of a profitable biorefinery. However, the development of current biorefining industries is highly restricted by process complexity and processing cost. In this article, we developed a one-pot oxidative process and a one-pot reductive process that allowed selective conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (e.g. hardwood) to multiple bulk chemicals such as monophenolics, diols, and organic acids in total yields of up to 96.8 wt%. Alkali was used to catalyze the disruption of biomass components via retro-aldol reactions to small active intermediate molecules, which were in-situ oxidized or reduced to stable products. As a result, monophenolics, which were derived from lignin, reached an unprecedented yield of 59.3 wt% (71.9 mol%, on the basis of lignin content). Organic acids also reached an unprecedented yield of 111.7 wt% (77.8 C%, on the basis of polysaccharide content). The diverse chemicals could meet broad needs of our society. Cost analysis indicates that the current processes could be profitable in the petrochemical-dominated market.