Cell-Derived Extracellular Matrix Materials for Tissue Engineering

The involvement of cell-derived extracellular matrix (CDM) in assembling tissue engineering scaffolds has yielded significant results. CDM possesses excellent characteristics, such as ideal cellular microenvironment mimicry and good biocompatibility, which make it a popular research direction in the field of bionanomaterials. CDM has significant advantages as an expansion culture substrate for stem cells, including stabilization of phenotype, reversal of senescence, and guidance of specific differentiation. In addition, the applications of CDM-assembled tissue engineering scaffolds for disease simulation and tissue organ repair are comprehensively summarized; the focus is mainly on bone and cartilage repair, skin defect or wound healing, engineered blood vessels, peripheral nerves, and periodontal tissue repair. We consider CDM as a highly promising bionic biomaterial for tissue engineering applications and propose a vision for its comprehensive development. Cell-derived extracellular matrix (CDM) has received continued attention on the field of tissue engineering because of its promising biological characteristics. CDM deposited in vitro is rich in protein fractions and contains a wealth of biological information that provides a suitable niche for the survival and activity of isolated cells. More importantly, the free-assembling feature of CDM allows it to participate in the assembly of tissue-engineered scaffolds, imparting bionic properties to regenerative scaffolds, and thus CDM-modified scaffolds are widely used in the reconstruction of bone and cartilage tissue, peripheral nerves, skin, and blood vessels. This article is dedicated to summarizing the important results achieved by CDM-modified tissue engineering scaffolds in tissue organ reconstruction, helping readers to understand the developments in this field in recent years.