First Report of Arcopilus aureus Causing Leaf Black Spot Disease of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in China

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 105, No. 12First Report of Arcopilus aureus Causing Leaf Black Spot Disease of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Arcopilus aureus Causing Leaf Black Spot Disease of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in ChinaQing-Song Yuan, Xiaoai Wang, Lu Wang, Xiaohong Ou, Weike Jiang, Chuanzhi Kang, Lanping Guo, and Tao ZhouQing-Song YuanGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Xiaoai WangGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Lu WangGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Xiaohong OuGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Weike JiangGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Chuanzhi KangNational Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Lanping GuoNational Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, and Tao Zhou†Corresponding author: T. Zhou; E-mail Address: taozhou88@163.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-9355Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Qing-Song Yuan1 Xiaoai Wang1 Lu Wang1 Xiaohong Ou1 Weike Jiang1 Chuanzhi Kang2 Lanping Guo2 Tao Zhou1 † 1Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China 2National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China Published Online:21 Nov 2021https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-21-0647-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articlePseudostellaria heterophylla (family Caryophyllaceae) is a perennial herbaceous plant. Its tuberous roots are highly valued in traditional Chinese medicine. It is mainly cultivated in a geo-authentic production zone located in Guizhou, Anhui, Shandong, and Fujian provinces of China (Zhao et al. 2016). The herb is widely used for treating lung diseases and as a spleen tonic (Pang et al. 2011). A severe leaf black spot disease was observed on P. heterophylla in China from 2018 to 2020. Plants displayed water-soaking symptoms in the early stage of infection, then the watery areas turned brown-red and a black mold appeared on the lesions. At a later stage, the leaf spots showed concentric rings surrounded by a yellow halo, and the initial infection site became dry and necrotic. Nine infected plants were collected from three cultivation fields in Shibing County (27°4′21″ N, 108°8′0″ E), Guizhou Province, on 13 April 2019. The fungus was consistently isolated from symptomatic leaves on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium according to the method described by Larran et al. (2002). A total of 22 isolates were obtained, including seven isolates of the genus Arcopilus and 15 isolates of the genus Trichoderma. The growth rates of isolate MJ2-2b on PDA and oatmeal agar (OA) medium were 3 to 5 mm/day at 25°C. Mycelium of isolate MJ2-2b was dense and yellowish-brown on PDA, while it was sparse and bright red on OA. The mycelium also secreted brownish-red pigment on both PDA and OA. Ascomata, when mature, were water drop and limoniform. Lateral hairs were brown, erect or flexuous, tapering toward the tips. Ascospores, when mature, were grayish-white to gray, limoniform, or fusiform to pyriform. Further, the beta-tubulin gene (Tub2) of the fungus was amplified by using primer pairs T1 and TUB4Rd as described by Wang et al. (2016) and subjected to sequencing. NCBI nucleotide BLAST results showed that sequences from seven isolates had a 99.86% identity with A. aureus (strain ChL-C, GenBank accession no. MG889987.1). Molecular phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood method using MEGA 7 confirmed that the fungal isolate clustered with A. aureus. Hence, the causal agent was identified as A. aureus based on morphological and molecular characteristics. The sequence was deposited in GenBank (accession no. MW531453). Pathogenicity tests were conducted on 15-day-old tissue-cultured seedlings according to Ghanbary et al. (2018). Leaves of 16 seedlings were inoculated with 1 × 1 mm 5-day-old PDA-grown mycelial plugs of the fungal isolate. The experiment was repeated three times. After 10 days, the inoculated leaves showed the same symptoms observed on plants in the field. The associated fungal pathogen was consistently reisolated from the inoculated seedlings and identified by Tub2 gene sequencing. At present, there are no reports of A. aureus causing disease of plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf black spot disease on P. heterophylla caused by A. aureus in China.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Ghanbary, E., et al. 2018. Trees (Berl.) 32:1595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-018-1736-6 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLarran, S., et al. 2002. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 18:683. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016857917950 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarPang, W., et al. 2011. Molecules 16:3360. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16043360 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWang, X. W., et al. 2016. Stud. Mycol. 84:145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2016.11.005 Crossref, Google ScholarZhao, Y.-P., et al. 2016. Sci. Rep. 6:26175. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep26175 Crossref, Google ScholarQ.-S. Yuan and X. A. Wang contributed equally to this paper.Funding: This work was supported by the Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources (grant number 2060302), the High-level Innovative Talents of Guizhou Province of China (Qian Ke He Platform and Talent [2018]5638-2), Innovation Group Major Research Projects (Qian Jiao Ke KY Zi [2018]022), National Key R&D Program of China (grant number 2017YFC700703), and National Technical System of Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry (grant number CARS-21).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 105, No. 12 December 2021SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionLeaf dieback caused by Stemphylium leaf blight on onion in Elba, New York State (F. Hay et al.). Photo credit: C. A. Hoepting. Symptoms of wilt observed on inflorescences of a coconut tree in Antsohyhi, Madagascar (sample MG16-004) (F. Pilet et al.). Photo credit: F. Pilet. Metrics Downloaded 766 times Article History Issue Date: 23 Jan 2022Published: 21 Nov 2021First Look: 27 May 2021Accepted: 24 May 2021 Page: 4168 Information© 2021 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingAbility Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine ResourcesGrant/Award Number: 2060302High-level Innovative Talents of Guizhou Province of China Grant/Award Number: Qian Ke He Platform and Talent [2018]5638-2Innovation Group Major Research Projects Grant/Award Number: Qian Jiao Ke KY Zi [2018]022National Key R&D Program of China Grant/Award Number: 2017YFC700703National Technical System of Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Grant/Award Number: CARS-21KeywordsArcopilus aureusPseudostellaria heterophyllleaf black spotThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF download