摘要
AbstractAbstractThe fabrication process of photonic crystal fibers based on a stack-and-draw method is presented in full detail in this article. In addition, improved techniques of photonic crystal fiber preform preparation and fabrication are highlighted. A new method of connecting a handle to a preform using only a fiber drawing tower is demonstrated, which eliminates the need for a high-temperature glass working lathe. Also, a new technique of modifying the photonic crystal fiber structural pattern by sealing air holes of the photonic crystal fiber cane is presented. Using the proposed methods, several types of photonic crystal fibers are fabricated, which suggests potential for rapid photonic crystal fibers fabrication in laboratories equipped with and limited to only a fiber drawing tower.Keywords: glass working latheoptical fiber fabricationphotonic crystal fiber Additional informationNotes on contributorsG. Amouzad MahdirajiG. Amouzad Mahdiraji received his B. Eng. in electrical power engineering from Iran in 2002 and his M. Eng. in communication and computer engineering from University Kebangsaan Malaysia in 2006. In 2009, he received his Ph.D. from Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) in the field of Communications and Networks Engineering, majoring in optical communication. From May 2009 to August 2010, he was a lecturer in the School of Engineering, UCSI University. Afterward, he joined to the Centre of Excellence for Wireless and Photonics Networks in UPM for around 1 year as a postdoctoral student. From November 2011 to 2012, he worked as a visiting research fellow in the optical fiber fabrication group in the Photonics Research Group (PRG), Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya. Since then, he has been working in the same department as a senior lecturer. Apart from optical communication systems, his current research interest is the design and fabrication of microstructured optical fiber for different sensing applications.Desmond M. ChowDesmond M. Chow received his B.E. in electrical engineering from University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 2011. Currently, he is working toward his M.S.E. in photonics at University of Malaya. His research focus is the design, fabrication, and characterization of photonic crystal fibers for multi-parameter sensing applications.S. R. SandoghchiS. R. Sandoghchi received his bachelor's (with honors) in telecommunication engineering from Sadjad Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran, in 2005 and his M.Eng. in optical telecommunication from University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 2011. He is currently working toward his Ph.D. in the Optoelectronics Research Centre at University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. He has been involved in the establishment of fiber drawing facilities and fiber drawing activities at University of Malaya. He is now working on hollow-core photonic band-gap fibers at the Optoelectronics Research Centre, where his research activities mainly include modeling, simulation, and developing characterization systems.F. AmirkhanF. Amirkhan joined the Photonics Research Group (PRG) in December 2011 as a research assistant in Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM), Malaysia. She obtained her M.Eng. in telecommunication from UM in 2011 and her B.Eng. in electrical engineering in Iran. She has been working with the PRG team and is directly involved with the fabrication and characterization of optical fibers, PCFs, and flat fibers (FFs) for different applications.E. DermosesianE. Dermosesian recieved her B.Eng. (with honors) in electrical engineering in 2013 from University of Malaya, Malaysia. She is presently a research assistant in Photonic Research Group, University of Malaya. Her current research interest is design and fabrication of micro-structure fibers, such as photonic crystal fibers and multi-core photonic crystal fibers for thermoluminescence dosimeter sensing.Kwok Shien YeoKwok Shien Yeo obtained his B.Eng. in electronics engineering from Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, in 2008 and is currently pursuing his Ph.D. in the Wireless and Photonic Networks Centre of Excellence, Universiti Putra Malaysia. He is simultaneously affiliated with Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, carrying out research in nonlinear optical devices and nonlinear fiber optics.Z. KakaeiZ. Kakaei received her B.Sc. in atomic physics from Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, in 2007 and her M.Sc. in electro-optics in the major of opto-electronics from Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, in 2011. Her master project was about design and fabrication of metallic photonic crystal as filters for microwave regions. She has obtained first-class honors during her both bachelor and master study. In 2012, she started her Ph.D. in electronic engineering in the major of photonics in Photonics Research Group, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Her research is in the area of photonic crystal fiber design and fabrication, especially photonic bandgap fibers. In addition, she is a research assistant working on a fiber draw tower at University of Malaya.M. GhomeishiM. Ghomeishi was born in Tehran, Iran, in 1982. He obtained his B.S. in applied physics from Ferdowsi University, Iran, in 2005. He received his M.Sc. from University of Tabriz, Iran, in 2008. He is currently pursuing his Ph.D. in the field of photonics research and technology at Photonics Research Group (PRG), Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya. His broad research experiences covered dosimetry, high energy beam spectroscopy, hot-plasma technology, and statistical analysis. He is a member of Optical Society of America (OSA) and AIP. He was the recipient of the Silver Medal in Innovation and Creativity, EXPO i-INOVA 13, Malaysia.Soo Yong PohSoo Yong Poh received his bachelor's in 2013 in University of Malaya. He joined the Photonics Research Group in year 2013. His research activities and interests are mostly around fiber optics, including but not limited to photonic crystal fiber fabrication and fiber optical sensing.Shee Yu GangShee Yu Gang received his B.Eng. (with honors) in electronics-telecommunications engineering and his M.Eng. from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, in 2003 and 2005, respectively. He was sponsored by the National Science Fellowship (NSF) under the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) Malaysia for his master degree. He started his academic life when he joined Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) as a lecturer in November 2005. In November 2006, he was again awarded the NSF to pursue his Ph.D. at Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Mohd Adzir Mahdi. Under the sponsorship of NSF, he underwent a 3-month research attachment at the Optical Networking Research Group, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, led by Prof. Dr. Gee-Kung Chang in 2008. He was awarded the best presenter in the 5th Annual Seminar of NSF Research Scholars in November 2008. He was awarded his Ph.D. in May 2011 and worked as an assistant professor in UTAR. He is a member of IEEE, SPIE, and the Optical Society of America (OSA). He was the president of the Universiti Putra Malaysia Student Chapter of the OSA in 2009. In August 2012, he joined University of Malaya as a senior lecturer in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering. His research interest is in nonlinear optics, radio-over-fiber communication systems, microwave photonics filters, and photonics sensors.F. R. Mahamd AdikanF. R. Mahamd Adikan received his Ph.D. from the Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK, in 2007. His Ph.D. research focused on flat fiber and produced an international patent. He is currently head of the Photonic Lightwave CircuitGroup in the Photonics Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and is involved in developing novel fabrication processes to incorporate optically active materials into a glass matrix. He specializes in glass-based integrated optical devices for use in telecommunication and sensing applications. Apart from research and teaching, he is also an active member of the Faculty of Engineering, holding a number of administrative posts including the coordinator of the Telecommunication Engineering program. He has published more than 70 journal and conference papers on optics and engineering education. He deputy-chaired two technical postgraduate symposiums and is the current chairman for the Sports and Recreational Club, Faculty of Engineering. He also established the Junior Lecturer Forum, an informal platform for young staff members to discuss matters concerning career development. He was the recipient of the Section Prize for the Best Engineering Research during presentations at the House of Commons (British Parliament) in 2006. He also received the SPIE Educational Scholarship in Optical Science and Engineering in 2004 and the Best Paper for Photonic Category during an international conference in 2003.