Phosphorus Forms and Chemistry in the Soil Profile under Long‐Term Conservation Tillage: A Phosphorus‐31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study

耕作 化学 农学 壤土 土层 免耕农业 土壤科学 常规耕作 土壤水分 环境科学 土壤肥力 生物 有机化学
作者
Barbara J. Cade‐Menun,Martin R. Carter,D. C. James,Corey W. Liu
出处
期刊:Journal of Environmental Quality [Wiley]
卷期号:39 (5): 1647-1656 被引量:129
标识
DOI:10.2134/jeq2009.0491
摘要

In many regions, conservation tillage has replaced conventional tilling practices to reduce soil erosion, improve water conservation, and increase soil organic matter. However, tillage can have marked effects on soil properties, specifically nutrient redistribution or stratification in the soil profile. The objective of this research was to examine soil phosphorus (P) forms and concentrations in a long‐term study comparing conservation tillage (direct drilling, “No Till”) and conventional tillage (moldboard plowing to 20 cm depth, “Till”) established on a fine sandy loam (Orthic Humo‐Ferric Podzol) in Prince Edward Island, Canada. No significant differences in total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), total P, or total organic P concentrations were detected between the tillage systems at any depth in the 0‐ to 60‐cm depth range analyzed. However, analysis with phosphorus‐31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed differences in P forms in the plow layer. In particular, the concentration of orthophosphate was significantly higher under No Till than Till at 5 to 10 cm, but the reverse was true at 10 to 20 cm. Mehlich 3–extractable P was also significantly higher in No Till at 5 to 10 cm and significantly higher in Till at 20 to 30 cm. This P stratification appears to be caused by a lack of mixing of applied fertilizer in No Till because the same trends were observed for pH and Mehlich 3–extractable Ca (significantly higher in the Till treatment at 20 to 30 cm), reflecting mixing of applied lime. The P saturation ratio was significantly higher under No Till at 0 to 5 cm and exceeded the recommended limits, suggesting that P stratification under No Till had increased the potential for P loss in runoff from these sites.
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