Spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula: challenges in clinical and radiologic diagnosis

颈动脉海绵窦瘘 动静脉瘘
作者
Lindsay Sobin,Kristin Jones,Sherard A. Tatum
出处
期刊:American Journal of Emergency Medicine [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:32 (6): 691.e3-691.e5 被引量:4
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.ajem.2013.12.008
摘要

Las fístulas carótido-cavernosas son conexiones anómalas entre la arteria carótida interna o externa o alguna de ramas y el seno cavernoso. Se caracterizan por proptosis, quemosis y soplo orbitario. Las fístulas carótido-cavernosas tienen baja incidencia, especialmente si son espontánea y bilaterales, se asocian a alta morbilidad, por lo que requieren de alta sospecha clínica, diagnóstico oportuno y tratamiento específico, siendo el manejo de urgencia cuando se presentan con signos de pobre pronóstico como proptosis rápidamente progresiva, hemorragia intracerebral, o epistaxis masiva.Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 56 años con antecedentes de glaucoma bilateral, hipertensión arterial y cefalea crónica quien consulta por cambios en el patrón de cefalea, con signos de bandera roja dados por dolor intenso de rápida progresión, pérdida de la conciencia y posterior amnesia del evento. La tomografía simple de cráneo reporta asimetría del seno cavernoso y área hiperdensa hacia el lado derecho, y la resonancia magnética pérdida de clivaje en el segmento de la porción cavernosa de la arteria carótida interna derecha, hallazgo sugestivo de aneurisma con sangrado reciente. Se realiza arteriografía cerebral y se diagnóstica una fístula carótido-cavernosa bilateral, tipo D de Barrow. Es llevada a terapia endovascular con obliteración exitosa de ambas fístulas.Se realiza la revisión de la literatura y presentamos la evidencia acerca del tratamiento de esta enfermedad.Carotid cavernous fistulas are abnormal connections between the internal or external carotid artery or any branches and the cavernous sinus. They are characterised by proptosis, chemosis and orbital bruits. The carotid cavernous fistulas have a low incidence, especially if they are spontaneous and bilateral. They are associated with high morbidity, and require high clinical suspicion, early diagnosis, and specific treatment. They require emergency management when presented with signs of poor prognosis, such as rapidly progressive proptosis, intra-cerebral haemorrhage, or massive epistaxisThe case is presented of a 56 year-old patient with a history of bilateral glaucoma, high blood pressure (arterial hypertension), and chronic headache. She consulted due to changes in the pattern of headache, with signs of red flag due to the rapidly progressive severe pain, loss of consciousness and subsequent amnesia of the event. The cranial computed tomography scan showed asymmetry of the cavernous sinus and a hyperdense area to the right side. The magnetic resonance showed loss of cleavage in the segment of the cavernous portion of the right internal carotid artery, a finding suggestive of recent bleeding aneurysm. A cerebral angiography was performed, and a Barrow type D bilateral carotid cavernous fistula was diagnosed. Endovascular therapy was performed, with successful obliteration of both carotid cavernous fistulas.The literature review is presented along with evidence about the treatment of this disease.
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