Atomic disorder and phase transformation in intermetallic compounds of the typeT3X2

金属间化合物 结晶学 材料科学 铁磁性 正交晶系 磁化 类型(生物学) 差示扫描量热法 居里温度 六方晶系 凝聚态物理 物理 铁磁性 晶体结构 热力学 化学 冶金 合金 磁场 生态学 量子力学 生物
作者
G.F. Zhou,H. Bakker
出处
期刊:Physical review 卷期号:49 (18): 12507-12518 被引量:30
标识
DOI:10.1103/physrevb.49.12507
摘要

The structural development of the ordered intermetallic compounds ${\mathit{T}}_{3}$${\mathit{X}}_{2}$ (T=Ni,Fe,Mn; X=Sn,Ge) upon mechanical milling was investigated by x-ray diffraction, magnetic measurements, and subsequently by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It is found that the magnetization at 4.2 K increases continuously with increasing milling time in ferromagnetic ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Sn}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}$. In contrast, in ferrimagnetic ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Sn}}_{2}$ it decreases. The unit-cell volume of both ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Sn}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}$ continuously increases. These results are explained well in terms of a special type of atomic disorder: redistribution of transition-metal atoms over two different types of transition-metal sites, induced by ball milling. Exothermic heat effects corresponding to atomic reordering are observed in the DSC scans of ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Sn}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}$ as well as ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Sn}}_{2}$ after various periods of milling. The heat evolved in the atomic reordering process increases gradually with milling time. After long-time milling all physical parameters tend to become constant. After prolonged periods of milling, a phase transformation in ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Sn}}_{2}$ from the orthorhombic-structure low-temperature phase (LTP) to the hexagonal-structure high-temperature phase (HTP) is observed accompanied by a sharp increase in magnetization. ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Sn}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}$ remain in the hexagonal structure.The exothermic heat effect corresponding to the phase restoration of the ball-milled metastable HTP to the original equilibrium LTP is evident from DSC scans of ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Sn}}_{2}$ after long milling periods. The occurrence of the ball-milling-induced phase transformation in ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Sn}}_{2}$ is also confirmed by a comparison of the ball-milled phase to the high-temperature phase obtained by rapid quenching. The excellent agreement of all experimental results obtained by different techniques proves that by mechanical milling well-defined metastable states are generated in these B8-like compounds and that atomic disorder is the main source of energy storage during ball milling of intermetallic compounds. The particular type of atomic disorder in these B8-like compounds cannot be obtained by rapid quenching from high temperatures.
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