Modeling of Nafion-Pt composite actuators (ICPF) by ionic motion

In this paper, a white-box model of Nafion-Pt composite actuators considering the following physical phenomena is proposed: 1) ionic motion by electric field, 2) water motion by ion-drag, 3) swelling and contraction of the membrane, 4) momentum effect, 5) electrostatic force, and 6) conformation change. Computer simulation showed the following results. 1) The simulated motions agreed with experimental results improving the accuracy in comparison with the conventional models, especially on the time of the maximum displacement. 2) The nonlinear relation between input voltage and the maximum displacement was explained.