Glass nanopipette sensing of single entities

Evaluating the laws of matter, life processes, and reaction kinetics from the perspective of the basic single entity elements of material, chemical, and life sciences comprises a fascinating frontier in analytical chemistry. Glass nanopipette sensing aims to detect interactions between single molecules, the physical and chemical properties of single particles, and the important roles of single cells in life systems. Currently, it is a vital branch of analytical chemistry. In this review, we introduce the preparation and characterization of glass nanopipettes, a combined detection method with a vision for a single entity, and their advances in the analysis of single molecules, single particles, and single cells.