The Influence of Atmospheric Structure and Motions on Insect Migration

features and with the vertical structure of the atmosphere. Our aim in this review is to identify the various' features of the atmospheric environment that affect insect migration, and to indicate how migrating insects respond to these features and how their migratory flights are influenced by them. An analysis along these lines was first made by Wellington (146), although, writing over 40 years ago, he had few relevant entomological observations to draw on. Rainey (104) described some additional atmospheric features that affect migrating insects rn a 1976 paper, which was based mainly on his own pioneering research on migration meteorology (e.g. lOl a, 102). Our coverage is more comprehensive than Rainey's, although we treat in­ dividual atmospheric features and their associated entomological phenomena in much less detail. For each of the atmospheric features that have been shown to affect insects during migratory flights, we first provide a brief description