Transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have contributed significantly to our understanding of the pathophysiology of AD. Most models express either or both of the two major pathological changes seen in AD, amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In other models, expression of the transgene of interest is controlled by an external control, or deleted from a selected locus. These models are essential tools for investigating biological mechanisms and assessing potential treatments for AD, and continue to make significant contribution towards further understanding of AD.