[Effects of remimazolam versus propofol on postoperative recovery quality in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic laparoscopic radical esophagectomy].

Objective: To investigate the effects of remimazolam versus propofol on postoperative recovery quality in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic laparoscopic radical esophagectomy. Methods: A total of 108 elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic laparoscopic radical esophagectomy under general anesthesia in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May to October 2022 were prospectively included. The participants were divided into two groups by the random number table method: remimazolam group (R group, n=54) and propofol group (P group, n=54). There were 54 cases in the R group, with 35males and 19 females, and aged (65.4±3.1) years. Meanwhile, there were 54 cases in the P group, with 33males and 21 females, and aged (64.5±3.0) years. Anesthesia was induced as follows: remimazolam 0.2-0.3 mg/kg and remifentanil 0.5-1.0 μg/kg were intravenously injected in R group, while propofol 1-2 mg/kg and remifentanil 0.5-1.0 μg/kg were intravenously injected in P group. Subsequently, anesthesia was maintained as follows: remimazolam 0.4-1.0 mg·kg-1·h-1 and remifentanil 0.05-0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1 were intravenously infused in group R, while propofol 4-10 mg·kg-1·h-1 and remifentanil 0.05-0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1 were intravenously infused in group P. Bispectral index (BIS) was maintained at 45-60 during operation. The main outcome measures were the 15-item quality of recovery (QoR-15) scores 1 day before surgery, 1 day and 3 days after surgery. Secondary outcome measures included mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) recorded 5 min before anesthesia induction (T0), 1 min after induction (T1), 1 min after endotracheal intubation (T2), immediately after skin incision (T3) and tracheal extubation (T4). The incidence of bradycardia and hypotension and the frequency of application of vasoactive drugs during anesthesia were recorded. Restlessness score (RS) and Ramsay sedation scale during the awakening period were recorded. Emergence time, tracheal extubation time, duration of postanesthesia care unit (PACU) stay and postoperative length of hospital stay were recorded. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection and other complications were also recorded. Results: The QoR-15 scale scores [M (Q1, Q3)] of R group 1 day and 3 days after surgery were 114.0 (109.0, 118.3) and 131.0 (127.8, 133.0), which were higher than those of P group [106.0 (101.0, 112.0) and 127.0 (125.0, 129.3)] (both P<0.001). The incidence of bradycardia, hypotension and the frequency of application of vasoactive drugs of R group during anesthesia were 5.6% (3/54), 35.2% (19/54) and 27.8% (15/54), which were lower than those in P group [33.3% (18/54), 63.0% (34/54) and 55.6% (30/54), respectively] (all P<0.05). RS score during the awakening period in R group was 0.9±0.5, which was lower than that of P group (1.1±0.6) (P=0.046). Emergence time, tracheal extubation time and postoperative length of hospital stay of R group were (15.4±4.9) min, (16.6±4.7) min and (11.6±1.4) d, which were shorter than those of P group [(26.2±6.4) min, (27.8±5.8) min and (12.6±1.3) d] (all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in Ramsay scores during the awakening period, duration of PACU stay and the incidence of postoperative complications (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Both remimazolam and propofol can achieve satisfactory postoperative recovery quality in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic laparoscopic radical esophagectomy. Remimazolam has more stable hemodynamics and lower incidence of adverse reactions.目的： 探讨瑞马唑仑和丙泊酚对胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术老年患者术后恢复质量的影响。 方法： 前瞻性纳入郑州大学附属肿瘤医院2022年5至10月择期全身麻醉下行胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术老年患者108例，采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组（n=54）：瑞马唑仑组（R组）和丙泊酚组（P组）。R组男35例，女19例，年龄（65.4±3.1）岁。P组男33例，女21例，年龄（64.5±3.0）岁。麻醉诱导：R组静脉推注瑞马唑仑0.2~0.3 mg/kg、瑞芬太尼0.5~1.0 μg/kg，P组静脉推注丙泊酚1~2 mg/kg、瑞芬太尼0.5~1.0 μg/kg。麻醉维持：R组静脉泵注瑞马唑仑0.4~1.0 mg·kg-1·h-1、瑞芬太尼0.05~0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1，P组静脉泵注丙泊酚4~10 mg·kg-1·h-1、瑞芬太尼0.05~0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1，维持脑电双频指数（BIS）45~60。主要观察指标为术前1 d、术后1 d和3 d的15项恢复质量评分量表（QoR-15）评分。次要观察指标包括：麻醉诱导前5 min（T0）、诱导后1 min（T1）、气管插管后1 min（T2）、切皮即刻（T3）及气管拔管即刻（T4）的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）；两组患者麻醉期间心动过缓及低血压的发生率、血管活性药物的使用率；两组患者苏醒时躁动程度（restlessness score，RS）评分和Ramsay镇静评分；苏醒时间、拔除气管导管时间、麻醉恢复室（PACU）驻留时间及术后住院时间；术后肺部感染等并发症的发生情况。 结果： R组患者术后1 d和3 d的QoR-15量表评分［M（Q1，Q3）］分别为114.0（109.0，118.3）分和131.0（127.8，133.0）分，均高于P组的106.0（101.0，112.0）分和127.0（125.0，129.3）分（均P<0.001）。R组患者麻醉期间心动过缓、低血压发生率及血管活性药物使用率分别为5.6%（3/54）、35.2%（19/54）和27.8%（15/54），均低于P组的33.3%（18/54）、63.0%（34/54）和55.6%（30/54）（均P<0.05）。R组患者麻醉苏醒时躁动程度评分为（0.9±0.5）分，低于P组的（1.1±0.6）分（P=0.046）。R组患者苏醒时间、气管拔管时间及术后住院时间分别为（15.4±4.9）min、（16.6±4.7）min和（11.6±1.4）d，均短于P组的（26.2±6.4）min、（27.8±5.8）min和（12.6±1.3）d（均P<0.05）。两组患者苏醒时Ramsay镇静评分、PACU驻留时间及术后并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。 结论： 瑞马唑仑和丙泊酚用于胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术老年患者均可达到满意的术后恢复质量，瑞马唑仑血流动力学更平稳，不良反应发生率更低。.