Impact of LITAF on Mitophagy and Neuronal Damage in Epilepsy via MCL‐1 Ubiquitination

This study aims to investigate how the E3 ubiquitin ligase LITAF influences mitochondrial autophagy by modulating MCL-1 ubiquitination, and its role in the development of epilepsy. Employing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze brain tissue from epilepsy patients, along with high-throughput transcriptomics, we identified changes in gene expression. This was complemented by in vivo and in vitro experiments, including protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, western blotting, and behavioral assessments in mouse models. Neuronal cells in epilepsy patients exhibited significant gene expression alterations, with increased activity in apoptosis-related pathways and decreased activity in neurotransmitter-related pathways. LITAF was identified as a key upregulated factor, inhibiting mitochondrial autophagy by promoting MCL-1 ubiquitination, leading to increased neuronal damage. Knockdown experiments in mouse models further confirmed that LITAF facilitates MCL-1 ubiquitination, aggravating neuronal injury. Our findings demonstrate that LITAF regulates MCL-1 ubiquitination, significantly impacting mitochondrial autophagy and contributing to neuronal damage in epilepsy. Targeting LITAF and its downstream mechanisms may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for managing epilepsy.