Rechargeable Afterglow Superclusters for NIR-Excitable Repetitive Phototherapy

Afterglow luminescence has attracted increasing attention due to its prolonged emission, reduced autofluorescence, and minimized photodamage. However, persistent luminescence typically requires high-energy excitation (e.g., ultraviolet and visible light), which has limited tissue penetration. Herein, we have developed a one-pot surface segregation strategy to construct NIR-excitable afterglow superclusters (UCZG-SCs) by modularly assembling spinel-phase afterglow nanoparticles (Zn