Essential Fluidics for a Flow Cytometer

流体学 微流控 生物系统 体积流量 吞吐量 采样(信号处理) 纳米技术 流量(数学) 计算机科学 样本量测定 库尔特计数器 工艺工程 材料科学 生物医学工程 统计 机械 数学 物理 工程类 计算机视觉 航空航天工程 电信 滤波器(信号处理) 分子生物学 无线 生物
作者
Pearlson P. Austin Suthanthiraraj,Andrew P. Shreve,Steven W. Graves
出处
期刊:Current protocols [Wiley]
卷期号:4 (10)
标识
DOI:10.1002/cpz1.1124
摘要

Abstract Flow cytometry is an inherently fluidic process that flows particles on a one‐by‐one basis through a sensing region to discretely measure their optical and physical properties. It can be used to analyze particles ranging in size from nanoparticles to whole organisms (e.g., zebrafish). It has particular value for blood analysis, and thus most instruments are fluidically optimized for particles that are comparable in size to a typical blood cell. The principles of fluid dynamics allow for particles of such size to be precisely positioned in flow as they pass through sensing regions that are tens of microns in length at linear velocities of meters per second. Such fluidic systems enable discrete analysis of cell‐sized particles at rates approaching 100 kHz. For larger particles, the principles of fluidics greatly reduce the achievable rates, but such high rates of data acquisition for cell‐sized particles allow rapid collection of information on many thousands to millions of cells and provides for research and clinical measurements of both rare and common cell populations with a high degree of statistical confidence. Additionally, flow cytometers can accurately count particles via the use of volumetric sample delivery and can be coupled with high‐throughput sampling technologies to greatly increase the rate at which independent samples can be delivered to the system. Due to the combination of high analysis rates, sensitive multiparameter measurements, high‐throughput sampling, and accurate counting, flow cytometry analysis is the gold standard for many critical applications in clinical, research, pharmaceutical, and environmental areas. Beyond the power of flow cytometry as an analytical technique, the fluidic pathway can be coupled with a sorting mechanism to collect particles based on desired properties. We present an overview of fluidic systems that enable flow cytometry–based analysis and sorting. We introduce historical approaches, explanations of commonly implemented fluidics, and brief discussions of potential future fluidics where appropriate. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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