Combating coal-burning-borne endemic arsenism in Shaanxi Province, Northwest China: The impact of high-arsenic coal ban, improved cook-stoves, and health education

炉子 砷中毒 中国 环境卫生 环境保护 环境科学 公共卫生 地理 毒理 社会经济学 生物 医学 考古 化学 社会学 护理部 有机化学
作者
Yujie Ning,Chaowei Wang,Shujin Li,Sijie Chen,Shouxin Zhang,Rong Zhou,Yuequan Yuan,Xi Lv,Yifan Wu,Yu Zhang,Fan Zhong-xue,Xiaoqian Li,Xiong Guo,Zhi Shi,Yanli Liu,Feihong Chen,Guanglu Bai,Xiaoli Liu,Yue Li,Ai-mei Bai,Qingping Zhang,Hongxing Dai,Yaofei Wang,Ping Chen,Jiajia Wang
出处
期刊:Journal of Hazardous Materials [Elsevier]
卷期号:478: 135421-135421
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135421
摘要

To eliminate the epidemic of coal-burning-borne endemic arsenism (CBBA), our study organized and implemented comprehensive measures including high-arsenic coal ban, improved cook-stoves, and health education. We also aimed to promote the application value of these measures in preventing and controlling CBBA to the world. From 2004 to 2005, through a stratified random sampling method, we selected 58,256 individuals to investigate the prevalence of CBBA and the arsenic levels in 1287 environmental and biological specimens. The prevalence of CBBA was 19.26 % and significantly associated with the arsenic levels in coal, pepper, corn and hair, which were at or exceeded national upper limits. To timely prevent and control the disease, the comprehensive measures have been implemented since 2005 to present. Comparison and correlation analyses were utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of these measures in reducing the prevalence of CBBA. According to statistics, 73 high-arsenic coal mines were banned and over 99 % households in endemic areas accepted stove improvements and diversified health education. Monitoring studies during 2010-2019 has confirmed that these measures led to a decrease in urine arsenic levels among endemic residents, and they developed novel dietary practices, such as properly drying, storage, and washing of food. Additionally, the awareness rate of CBBA increased from less than 70 % to over 95 %. Finally, the prevalence of CBBA has decreased to 0.153 % investigated by a census involving 2.076 million endemic residents in 2019. In summary, CBBA in northwest China has been successfully controlled through banning on high-arsenic coal, introducing improved cook-stoves, and providing health education.
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