Behavior of Cement Mortar with the Addition of Coconut Fibers

Purpose: Analyze the physical and mechanical parameters of cement mortar with the addition of coconut fibers (FC). Theoretical framework: In recent years, there has been a comprehensive approach towards incorporating natural fibers as reinforcing elements in cementitious composites. This approach is motivated by the availability of these fibers, the reduced costs involved and the positive effects in mitigating the environmental impacts caused by the use of polymeric fibers from non-renewable sources. However, increasing the proportions of these elements in mortars, for example, does not always result in improvements to the integrity of the material produced. Method: The initial phase was directed to the literature review focused on studies that explored the behavior of cement mortars with vegetable fibers. Next, the process of mechanical extraction and treatment of coconut fibers was carried out, aiming for the subsequent characterization of the materials. A dosage study was carried out using a 1:3 mixture (cement:sand) using percentages of 3%, 5% and 7% of coconut fibers, based on the total volume of the composite. Based on the preliminary study, the mix with 5% addition of coconut fibers was selected due to its superior performance. To evaluate the material with the defined percentage of FC, tests were carried out covering physical indices and mechanical resistance in the fresh and hardened state. Parameters such as consistency index, compressive strength, tensile strength, water absorption, void index and specific mass were analyzed. Results and conclusion: The results indicate that the addition of 5% by volume has a positive impact on increasing the tensile strength of mortars from 1.83 MPa (without fibers) to 2.36 MPa (with fibers). However, this addition does not have a favorable influence on other mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, although it does not cause significant harm to its applicability. Research implications: Composites with vegetable fibers offer the possibility of combining traditional construction techniques with unconventional elements, using the reuse of waste. Originality/value: The contribution to the evaluation of the behavior and adaptation of this material, in order to make it economically viable and durable.