Laser-scribing graphene-based electrochemical biosensing devices for simultaneous detection of multiple cancer biomarkers

In this study, a graphene electrochemical sensor based on laser graphene polymer material was proposed to induce graphene formation on polyimide substrates via fiber laser. The laser produces stable power and results to achieve the benefits of consistency, conductivity, and flexibility. The electrochemical three-electrodes were manufactured on polyimide to replace the traditional three-electrodes by achieving small size and portability. An electrode activation is the modification of laser-scribed graphene electrodes (LSG) to facilitate the binding of liver cancer sites. The evaluation is performed by differential pulse Voltammetry (DPV) to detect cancer proteins in the phosphate buffer saline (PBS) buffer and serum. In a serum environment, the concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were detected from 0.75 ng ml−1 to 100 ng ml−1, AFP and CEA electrodes have a good linear range (R2 = 0.96 and R2 = 0.98), indicating the sensor's sensitivity and specificity for cancer detection. In addition, two types of carcinogenic proteins were monitored in the PBS and successfully detected in this experiment. Based on the results, the appropriate LSG sensor may be used for monitoring with limited resources. Electrode manufacturing is simple, fast, low-cost, small in size, convenient to carry, stable, instant detection, and flexible.