Review of research on the influence of vibration and thermal fatigue crack of brake disc on rail vehicles

As the core parts of the braking system of rail vehicle, the braking performance of the brake disc will directly affect the safety of vehicle operation, and then lead to vehicle safety accidents. The braking performance of the brake disc can be evaluated from five aspects: modal characteristics, vibration characteristics, heat-mechanical coupling characteristics, wear characteristics and fatigue resistance. In order to better reveal the current research status and the factors affecting brake characteristics of the brake disc, firstly, the influence factors of brake disc modal and vibration were summarized. Based on modal coupling theory, the research status of vibration modal and noise modal was summarized. The influence of brake disc structure and vehicle operating environment on the vibration characteristics of brake disc was described. Secondly, the influence of brake disc material, structure and braking conditions on the coupling characteristics of brake disc was summarized. The effects of ferrous metal materials and new composite materials on the wear characteristics of brake disc were described from the aspects of numerical simulation and experimental study, and the advantages and disadvantages of ferrous metal materials and new composite materials were compared. Finally, based on the current research status of the brake disc, it is expected that the research of the brake disc should be combined with the line tracking test to systematically determine the relationship between the service conditions of the brake disc and the wheel-rail coupling excitation such as wheel polygon and rail wave wear. The relationship between operating conditions and brake disc fatigue damage is quantified to achieve accurate prediction of brake disc fatigue damage under different operating conditions, and the mechanism of brake disc fatigue crack continued to extend to deep crack and finally fracture is revealed, thus prolonging the service life of the brake disc.