Exosomal miR-93-5p from cancer-associated fibroblasts confers malignant phenotypes on bladder cancer cells by targeting PAFAH1B1

Background Dysregulation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) still greatly challenges the treatments for bladder cancer (BC), where exosomal miRNAs derived from CAFs are one of the essential effectors for tumor progression. miR-93-5p is reported to be upregulated in BC, however, it is barely investigated in BC-derived CAFs. Method The CAF markers were immunofluorescent-labeled and examined by western blotting assay in CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs). CAFs- and NFs-derived exosomes (CAFs-exo/NFs-exo) were authenticated by transmission electron microscope and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Cell viability was determined by cell counting kit-8 assay, and cell mobility was evaluated by wound healing and transwell assays. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantify the RNA expressions, and a western blotting assay was used for protein expression. Interaction between miR-93-5p and Platelet-Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase IB Subunit Beta (PAFAH1B1) was verified by luciferase reporter assay. HE staining assay was applied to assess the histological changes of xenografts. Results CAFs-exo notably enhanced cell mobility and the expression levels of miR-93-5p of BC cells compared to NFs-exo. However, inhibition of miR-93-5p in CAFs-exo exhibited attenuated pro-metastatic ability on BC cells. PAFAH1B1 was one of the predicted targets of miR-93-5p, whose mRNA level was most significantly downregulated after miR-93-5p transfection. The interaction between PAFAH1B1 and miR-93-5p was verified, and miR-93-5p negatively regulated the protein level of PAFAH1B1. Overexpression of PAFAH1B1 could efficiently reverse the effects of miR-93-5p mimic on BC cell mobility. Finally, inhibition of miR-93-5p was proved to impair the carcinogenic function of CAFs-exo in vivo . Conclusion Exosomal miR-93-5p derived from CAFs confers oncogenicity on BC cells via sponging PAFAH1B1, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for BC.