Pacenta polypeptide injection alleviates the fibrosis and inflammation in cigarette smoke extracts‐induced BEAS‐2B cells by modulating MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 signaling

Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has high morbidity and mortality. Here, we aimed to explore the roles and potential correlation of placenta polypeptide injection (PPI) and MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 signaling pathway in COPD. BEAS‐2B cells were treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to establish a COPD cell model in vitro. The cell survival and cytotoxic effect were measured by CCK‐8, LDH release and flow cytometry assays. The inflammatory responses were determined by western blot and ELISA assay. Cell fibrosis was assessed by immunofluorescence and western blot assays. PPI treatment had no cytotoxic effect on BEAS‐2B cells until the final concentration reached to 10%. In the range of 0%–8% final concentration, PPI treatment weakened CSE‐induced the decrease of cell viability and the increase of LDH level in a concentration‐dependent manner. Four percent PPI treatment enhanced cell viability and decreased cell apoptosis of CSE‐treated cells in a time‐dependent manner. Moreover, 4% PPI treatment significantly decreased inflammatory responses and fibrosis induced by CSE, while AMPA (MMPs agonist) had opposite effects. Notably, AMPA reversed the protective roles of PPI on CSE‐induced inflammation and fibrosis. Mechanistically, 4% PPI treatment significantly suppressed MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐9, MMP‐13, and MMP‐19 levels, but enhanced TIMP‐1, TIMP‐2, TIMP‐3, and TIMP‐4 levels. Among them, MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 might be the main target of PPI. PPI effectively attenuated CSE‐induced inflammation and fibrosis in vitro by regulating MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 signaling pathway.