Exosome as drug delivery system: Current advancements

Exosomes are nanovesicles released from cells due to pathophysiological events. These nanoparticles are resistant to metabolic destruction and can transcend the blood-brain barrier. Exosome therapy could be employed as precision medicine by targeting the underlying etiology. This article briefly elucidates the basic physiology of exosomes, their types, characteristics, and cargo that are employed for drug administration. It then delves into their therapeutic applications, such as oncology, neurological disorders, and regenerative medicine. Exosome-based therapeutic drug delivery using small molecules, nucleic acids, and proteins is also demonstrated. Finally, global organizations that are successfully creating and testing medicinal biomaterials are highlighted.