Progress and Challenges for Thermoelectric Cooling: From Materials and Devices to Manifold Applications

Due to the unique advantages of precise temperature control, fast response, noiselessness, miniaturization, and eco-friendliness, thermoelectric cooling (TEC) technology has been recognized as an optimal solution to mitigate the global warming and energy crisis issues, as well as being an effective alternative for thermal management. In this review, we started with the discussion of the current TEC materials and devices, and then provided an extensive summary of the manifold applications of TEC technology including electronic thermal management, electric vehicles, zero energy buildings, medical treatments, and civil applications, etc. Finally, challenging aspects of TEC materials and devices, as well as the possible research directions for future applications in various fields for TEC technology, were proposed, providing important prospect and significant guidance for TEC community.