Use of Radiotherapy in Advanced Breast Cancer: The Role of a Nurse

Systemic therapy is the mainstay in advanced breast cancer (ABC), but innovations in radiation oncology have given radiotherapy a crucial role in the treatment of both intracranial and extracranial ABC. Breast cancer specialists include, in addition to medical and clinical oncologists, breast cancer nurses with unique theoretical knowledge and significant clinical experience. This review aims to discuss the function of radiotherapy in ABC and to highlight the role and importance of specialized nursing care for ABC patients receiving radiotherapy. An extensive literature review was conducted on the role of radiotherapy and its implementation in various settings of ABC and the pivotal contribution of nursing practices to the quality of life of these patients, with a particular focus on symptom and side effect management and prevention, education, as well as unmet patient needs. The Advanced Breast Cancer International Consensus Guidelines (ABC-5) were also included. All the above data were combined with the expert and practical considerations of breast cancer specialists within the team. The sophisticated application of radiotherapy and the complexity of ABC patient management, concerning symptoms, side effects, and overall well-being necessitate collaborative efforts to optimize patient care. Breast cancer nurses hold a central role in this framework. The significance of specialized nursing in contributing to comprehensive patient care for ABC patients treated with radiotherapy outlines the need for extensive training that aims to provide a holistic approach and entails physical, mental, and emotional support and patient and caregiver education.