温室气体
持续性
生物炼制
生命周期评估
环境科学
化石燃料
产品(数学)
环境影响评价
自然资源经济学
环境保护
原材料
生态学
生物
生产(经济)
数学
经济
几何学
宏观经济学
作者
Emma A.R. Zuiderveen,Koen Kuipers,Clara Caldeira,Steef V. Hanssen,Mitchell K. van der Hulst,Melinda M.J. de Jonge,Anestis Vlysidis,Rosalie van Zelm,Serenella Sala,Mark A. J. Huijbregts
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41467-023-43797-9
摘要
The current debate on the sustainability of bio-based products questions the environmental benefits of replacing fossil- by bio-resources. Here, we analyze the environmental trade-offs of 98 emerging bio-based materials compared to their fossil counterparts, reported in 130 studies. Although greenhouse gas life cycle emissions for emerging bio-based products are on average 45% lower (-52 to -37%; 95% confidence interval), we found a large variation between individual bio-based products with none of them reaching net-zero emissions. Grouped in product categories, reductions in greenhouse gas emissions ranged from 19% (-52 to 35%) for bioadhesives to 73% (-84 to -54%) for biorefinery products. In terms of other environmental impacts, we found evidence for an increase in eutrophication (369%; 163 to 737%), indicating that environmental trade-offs should not be overlooked. Our findings imply that the environmental sustainability of bio-based products should be evaluated on an individual product basis and that more radical product developments are required to reach climate-neutral targets.
科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI