Strength and ductility enhancement of plain carbon steel by heterostructure design

Here, warm rolling and short-time annealing were performed on plain carbon pseudo-eutectoid steels to obtain multiscale heterostructures with synergistic activation characteristics of multiple strengthening mechanisms. Double the yield strength of the material, which also has outstanding ductility. The synergistic effect of the multiscale matrix and the heterogeneous boundaries were revealed.