Polyethylene glycol crosslinked modified chitosan/halloysite nanotube composite aerogel microspheres for efficient adsorption of melanoidin

Melanoidins are widely present in molasses wastewater and are dark-colored macromolecules that are hazardous to the environment. Currently, adsorption methods can effectively remove melanoidins from wastewater. However, existing adsorbents have shown unsatisfactory removal efficiency for melanoidins, making practical application challenging. Polyethylene glycol crosslinked modified chitosan/halloysite nanotube composite aerogel microspheres (PCAM@HNTs) were developed as a highly efficient adsorbent for melanoidins. The removal rate of PCAM@HNTs for melanoidins was 98.53 % at adsorbent dosage 0.4 mg/ml, pH 7, temperature 303 K and 450 mg/L initial melanoidins concentration, and the corresponding equilibrium adsorption capacity was 1108.49 mg/g. The analysis results indicate that the adsorption of melanoidins by PCAM@HNTs is a spontaneous and endothermic process. It fits well with pseudo-second-order kinetic models and the Freundlich isotherm equation. The adsorption of PCAM@HNT on melanoidins is primarily attributed to electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions. Furthermore, PCAM@HNTs exhibit excellent biocompatibility and are nonhazardous. Therefore, PCAM@HNTs proved to be an ideal adsorbent for the decolorization of molasses wastewater.