Impact of Drp1-regulated changes in T cell activity on the combined antitumor effects of PARPi and PD-1 inhibitors

This study aimed to investigate the influence of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-regulated T cells on the antitumor effects of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) combined with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors to identify potential targets for enhancing immunotherapy efficacy. We found that T cells with high expression of Drp1 promoted the inhibitory and killing effects of the PARPi and PD-1 inhibitor combination on lung cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. This synergistic mechanism involves Drp1-regulated promotion of activation, migration, and intratumor infiltration of effector T cells; inhibition of negative immunomodulatory cells in the tumor microenvironment; and suppression of PARPi-induced upregulation of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells. These findings suggest that Drp1 could serve as a new target for comprehensively improving the tumor microenvironment, enhancing immunotherapy efficacy, and reversing immunotherapy resistance.