Enhanced peroxymonosulfate activation for rapid degradation of ciprofloxacin using a novel ternary ZIF-67@MnOOH@GO composite

The current investigation synthesized a composite known as ZIF-67@MnOOH@GO, which serves as a catalyst activator for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to amplify the catalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). The study demonstrates that utilizing a 50 mg/L dosage of the composite with 0.2 mM PMS resulted in a 97.8 % reduction of CIP concentration at 0.02 mM within 20 min. Crucially, our experimental analysis unveiled the pivotal role of both radical (such as SO4−, O2−, and OH) and non-radical (particularly 1O2) reactive oxygen species (ROSs) generated in the ZIF-67@MnOOH@GO/PMS system, which synergistically facilitated the degradation of CIP. The composite maintained its degradation efficacy over five successive cycles. Additionally, this research delved into the degradation pathways of CIP and the toxicity profiles of the resulting intermediates, establishing ZIF-67@MnOOH@GO as a potentially effective catalyst for PMS activation and CIP degradation.